ГДЗ по английскому языку 8 класс Баранова Starlight Углубленный уровень страница - 61

### Ответы к упражнениям (Starlight 8, с. 61) --- #### Exercise 2 **a) Match paragraphs (1–5) to the headings (A–E):** * **Paragraph 1:** **C** (*state topic & opinion* — обозначение темы и своего мнения) * **Paragraph 2:** **D** (*first viewpoint & reasons/examples* — первая точка зрения и аргументы/примеры) * **Paragraph 3:** **B** (*second viewpoint & reasons/examples* — вторая точка зрения и аргументы/примеры) * **Paragraph 4:** **E** (*opposing viewpoint & reasons/examples* — противоположная точка зрения и аргументы) * **Paragraph 5:** **A** (*restate opinion* — пересказ/подтверждение своего мнения другими словами) **b) Questions & Answers:** 1. **What is the writer's opinion?** * The writer believes that space exploration is a waste of money and resources should be used to solve problems on Earth. 2. **What viewpoints and reasons/examples does he use to support his opinion?** * **Viewpoint 1:** The huge amounts of money spent on space programs could be used to solve urgent issues on Earth (e.g., poverty, hunger, diseases). * **Viewpoint 2:** Space exploration causes environmental damage (e.g., rocket launches release pollution, space junk is created). 3. **What is the opposing viewpoint?** * Space exploration advances technology and scientific knowledge, which can lead to useful inventions and discoveries for life on Earth (e.g., satellite communications). --- #### Exercise 3 **a) Categorizing linking words by function:** * **Introduce an opinion:** *In my opinion, I believe, I feel, In my view* * **List points:** *Firstly, First of all, To start with, In the first place, Secondly* * **Add more points:** *Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, Also* * **Show results:** *As a result, Therefore, Consequently* * **Introduce an opposite viewpoint:** *On the other hand, However* * **Introduce examples:** *For example, For instance, such as* * **Conclude:** *In conclusion, All in all, All things considered, To sum up* **b) Replacing the words in bold in the essay:** * *In my opinion* $\rightarrow$ **In my view** * *Firstly* $\rightarrow$ **To start with** * *For example* $\rightarrow$ **For instance** * *Furthermore* $\rightarrow$ **Secondly** / **In addition** * *As a result* $\rightarrow$ **Consequently** * *On the other hand* $\rightarrow$ **However** * *All in all* $\rightarrow$ **In conclusion** --- #### Exercise 4 (Topic & Supporting sentences) 1. **On the other hand, some people believe that space exploration is very important.** * *Supporting sentences:* To begin with, it could help resolve Earth's overpopulation by discovering new habitable planets. In addition, it allows scientists to find new natural resources in outer space. 2. **Riding bicycles instead of cars helps improve city life.** * *Supporting sentences:* Firstly, it helps reduce air pollution because bicycles do not emit harmful exhaust gases. Furthermore, cycling is a good form of exercise that keeps citizens healthy and fit. --- #### Exercise 5 (Expressing opinions) 1. *I strongly believe that we should help the elderly. If we do so, their quality of life will improve.* 2. **In my view, we ought to donate to charities. By doing this, we will help those in need to have decent lives.** 3. **I firmly believe that we must recycle waste material. If we do this, we will conserve our natural resources.** 4. **From my point of view, people should join in clean-up days. As a result, our cities will look much better.** --- #### Exercise 6 (Viewpoints & Arguments) * **Viewpoint 1 (Bill):** *This work would benefit young people in the future.* * **Reason/Example:** They can develop useful practical skills, gain teamwork experience, and improve their CVs for future university admission or jobs. * **Viewpoint 2 (Tina):** *It is unfair to force young people to give up their free time.* * **Reason/Example:** Students are already overwhelmed with schoolwork, exams, and homework. Volunteering should be a personal choice, not an obligation. * **Viewpoint 3 (Bill):** *Young people contribute to environmental problems and should therefore help solve them.* * **Reason/Example:** Teenagers consume energy, buy packaged goods, and generate plastic waste, so they share the responsibility for protecting nature. --- #### Exercise 7 (Opinion Essay: 120–180 words) > **Should environmental volunteering be mandatory for young people?** > > Our Earth is threatened by serious environmental issues such as pollution and global warming. I feel that all young people should be required to take part in voluntary work to help protect our planet. > > In the first place, young people contribute to environmental problems and should therefore help solve them. For example, teenagers use a lot of electronic devices and plastic packaging, so taking part in tree planting or recycling campaigns is a fair way to reduce their ecological footprint. > > Furthermore, it is essential because this work would benefit young people in the future. By participating in green projects, they develop teamwork skills, gain practical experience, and learn to care for the world around them. > > On the other hand, it can be argued that it is unfair to force young people to give up their free time. Many teenagers already have heavy school workloads and need time to rest. > > All things considered, it seems to me that making environmental volunteering mandatory would have a positive impact on both nature and the younger generation. *(173 words)* --- ### Пояснения к структуре эссе-мнения (Opinion Essay) 1. **Структура 5 абзацев:** * **Paragraph 1:** Введение: перефразирование темы и четкое выражение своей позиции (*thesis statement*). * **Paragraphs 2 & 3:** Аргументы в пользу вашей позиции (каждый абзац содержит тематическое предложение — *topic sentence*, а также пояснение и пример). * **Paragraph 4:** Контраргумент (точка зрения оппонентов) с опровержением или пояснением. * **Paragraph 5:** Заключение: подтверждение своей позиции другими словами (*restating opinion*). 2. **Слова-связки (Linking Words):** * Для последовательности мыслей: *In the first place, Furthermore, Moreover*. * Для противопоставления: *On the other hand, However*. * Для приведения примеров: *For example, For instance*. * Для заключения: *All things considered, In conclusion, All in all*.