5. Complete with: human, fight, public, shake, beats, scream, nervous, come. Then make sentences about different disasters (tornado, earthquake, tsunami, etc).
1 ..... loudly
2 ..... like a leaf
3 ..... emotion
4 ..... system
5 ..... our fears
6 heart ..... faster
7 ..... places
8 fears ..... true
6. Find all types of phobias mentioned in the text. What are they in Russian?
7. a) Complete with: scared to death, long face, bright red, over the moon, green with envy, through the roof, butterflies in her stomach. Check in Appendix 3.
1 Samantha had ..... before the first performance of the play.
2 Olga was ..... when she saw the ghost.
3 Julia went ..... when her teacher told her off for talking.
4 Liam was ..... when he saw Jack's new car - he wanted one too!
5 Susan has got a very ..... today. I think she's still upset about failing the exam.
6 Antony was ..... when he found out that he had won the competition.
7 David went ..... when he found out that his brother had taken his MP3 player without asking.
b) Which of the emotions is/was each person in Ex. 7a feeling? Make sentences.
• sadness/depression
• embarrassment
• fear
• nervousness
• anger
• jealousy
• happiness/joy
1 nervousness ► Samantha was feeling nervous.
8. How would you be feeling if:
1 you got stuck in a lift?
2 someone told a lie about you?
3 you had to give a speech in front of the whole school?
4 you won first prize in a competition?
5 you happened to be a survivor of the tsunami disaster?
6 you saw a strong wind pull out trees and lift cars in the air?
Tell your partner.
Speaking
9. Listen to and read the text and make notes under the headings. Use your notes to give the class a summary of the text.
• what fear is
• what phobias are
• howto overcome phobias
Writing
10. Portfolio: Write a summary of the text. Read it to your partner. Answer his/her questions.
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Ответ подготовлен нейросетью и может содержать ошибки
Объяснение и пошаговое решение
### Итоговые ответы
---
#### Exercise 5
**Фразы:**
1. **scream** loudly — громко кричать
2. **shake** like a leaf — дрожать как осиновый лист
3. **human** emotion — человеческая эмоция
4. **nervous** system — нервная система
5. **fight** our fears — бороться со своими страхами
6. heart **beats** faster — сердце бьется быстрее
7. **public** places — общественные места
8. fears **come** true — страхи сбываются / воплощаются в реальность
**Примеры предложений (Sentences):**
1. The movie was so terrifying that it made everyone in the cinema **scream loudly**.
2. When the boy was called to the blackboard, he started to **shake like a leaf**.
3. Fear is a natural **human emotion** that protects us from danger.
4. Stress can have a negative impact on your **nervous system**.
5. It is important to learn how to **fight our fears** instead of running away from them.
6. Whenever I am about to take an exam, my **heart beats faster**.
7. People with agoraphobia feel uncomfortable in crowded **public places**.
8. He was worried that his worst **fears would come true**.
---
#### Exercise 6
**Phobias mentioned in the text (Фобии, упомянутые в тексте):**
* **Agoraphobia** (fear of crowded public places) — *агорафобия* (боязнь открытого пространства, скоплений людей и общественных мест).
* **Claustrophobia** (fear of enclosed spaces) — *клаустрофобия* (боязнь замкнутого пространства).
* **Arachnophobia** (fear of spiders) — *арахнофобия* (боязнь пауков).
* **Ablutophobia** (fear of washing/cleaning) — *аблутофобия* (боязнь мытья, купания или стирки).
---
#### Exercise 7
**a) Идиомы:**
1. Samantha had **butterflies in her stomach** before the first performance of the play.
2. Olga was **scared to death** when she saw the ghost.
3. Julia went **bright red** when her teacher told her off for talking.
4. Liam was **green with envy** when he saw Jack's new car – he wanted one too!
5. Susan has got a very **long face** today. I think she's still upset about failing the exam.
6. Antony was **over the moon** when he found out that he had won the competition.
7. David went **through the roof** when he found out that his brother had taken his MP3 player without asking.
**b) Эмоции людей (Emotions and Sentences):**
1. **nervousness** — Samantha was feeling nervous.
2. **fear** — Olga was feeling scared / afraid.
3. **embarrassment** — Julia was feeling embarrassed.
4. **jealousy** — Liam was feeling jealous.
5. **sadness / depression** — Susan was feeling sad / depressed.
6. **happiness / joy** — Antony was feeling happy / joyful.
7. **anger** — David was feeling angry / furious.
---
#### Exercise 8
1. If I forgot the words of a song while singing in a concert, I would be feeling **embarrassed and nervous**.
2. If I got stuck in a lift, I would be feeling **scared / panicked**.
3. If someone told a lie about me, I would be feeling **angry and upset**.
4. If I had to give a speech in front of the whole school, I would be feeling **nervous and stressed**.
5. If I won first prize in a competition, I would be feeling **overjoyed and happy**.
---
#### Exercise 9 (Speaking)
**Notes for summary:**
* **What fear is:**
* A basic, natural human emotion essential for survival.
* Triggers the nervous system and the "fight or flight" response (faster heartbeat, shaking, sweating).
* **What phobias are:**
* Extreme, irrational fears of specific things (e.g., spiders, heights) or situations (e.g., public places).
* Often develop after a traumatic or scary past experience.
* Affect 5–10% of people and can disrupt daily life.
* **How to overcome phobias:**
* Do not avoid the scary situation.
* Make a list of fears from the least to the most scary.
* Face the fears one by one to realize they are irrational until they melt away.
**Spoken summary (Пример устного ответа):**
> *Fear is a basic human emotion that helps us survive by activating the “fight or flight” response. However, phobias are irrational and extreme fears of specific objects or situations, such as claustrophobia or arachnophobia. They often start after a frightening experience. To overcome a phobia, a person shouldn't avoid the situation. Instead, they should make a list of fears and face them step by step until they disappear.*
---
#### Exercise 10 (Writing: Portfolio)
**A Summary of the Text "Fears and Phobias"**
> Fear is a normal and vital human emotion that helps us react to danger through the "fight or flight" response. During this reaction, our heart beats faster and the nervous system prepares us for action.
>
> On the other hand, phobias are intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders (arachnophobia) or closed spaces (claustrophobia). They affect up to 10% of the population and often arise from traumatic past events.
>
> To overcome a phobia, psychologists advise not avoiding the trigger. People should list their fears from least to most frightening and gradually face them one by one. Over time, individuals realize the danger is not real, and their fears fade away.
---
### Объяснения и разбор правил
1. **Коллокации (Ex. 5):** В английском языке устойчивые словосочетания требуют точного выбора глаголов и прилагательных: *fears come true* (страхи сбываются, по аналогии с *dreams come true*), *nervous system* (анатомический термин — нервная система), *shake like a leaf* (традиционная идиома — «дрожать как лист»).
2. **Идиомы эмоций (Ex. 7a):**
* *butterflies in one's stomach* — нервное волнение, трепет перед событием.
* *scared to death* — напуган до смерти.
* *go bright red* — сильно покраснеть от стыда/смущения.
* *green with envy* — позеленеть от зависти.
* *have a long face* — иметь грустный/подавленный вид.
* *over the moon* — быть на седьмом небе от счастья.
* *go through the roof* — прийти в ярость, взбеситься.
3. **Условные предложения 2-го типа (Conditionals Type 2 в Ex. 8):** В гипотетических ситуациях в настоящем или будущем используется структура: `If + Past Simple, would + Infinitive / be + V-ing` (*If I got stuck..., I would feel...*).
Премиум
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