ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 17

Ниже представлены решения всех заданий со страницы **17 (УМК «Spotlight 11», Module 1c)**. --- ### **Ответы к заданиям** #### **Exercise 5** **Примеры вербальной иронии в тексте (*The Devoted Friend*):** 1. *“Real friends should have everything in common...”* — Мельник говорит, что у друзей всё должно быть общим, но на самом деле он только берет у Ганса фрукты и цветы, ничего не отдавая взамен. 2. *“...for when people are in trouble they should be left alone, and not be bothered by visitors.”* — Мельник оправдывает свое нежелание помочь другу зимой «заботой» о его покое, хотя на самом деле он просто не хочет делиться едой. 3. *“...he will be able to give me a large basket of primroses and that will make him so happy.”* — Мельник утверждает, что подарок сделает счастливым Ганса, хотя выгоду от цветов получает сам Мельник. 4. *“You are certainly very thoughtful about others...”* (слова жены) — Жена искренне или льстиво восхищается «заботой» мужа, хотя читатель видит абсолютную черствость и эгоизм Мельника. 5. *“...talking is much the more difficult thing of the two, and much the finer thing also...”* — Мельник утверждает, что красивые речи важнее и сложнее добрых поступков. --- #### **Exercise 6** * **Hans:** * **kind-hearted / polite / well-mannered / lonely** * *Reason:* Hans is generous and never refuses to share his flowers; he is humble, polite, and never thinks badly of his friend. In winter, he is **lonely** because nobody visits him, and he suffers from cold and hunger alone. * **Hugh (the Miller):** * **selfish / vain** * *Reason:* Hugh only cares about his own comfort and uses high-sounding words about friendship to take advantage of Hans (**selfish**). He is proud of his ability to talk eloquently and thinks he is superior to others (**vain**). * **The Miller’s youngest son:** * **compassionate / kind-hearted** * *Reason:* He feels sorry for Hans and wants to invite him over, offer him half of his porridge, and show him his white rabbits. --- #### **Exercise 7** 1. a **sack** of potatoes *(мешок картошки)* 2. a **handful** of sweets *(горсть конфет)* 3. a **set** of china plates *(сервиз / набор фарфоровых тарелок)* 4. a **pack** of dogs *(свора собак)* 5. a **flock** of sheep *(отара овец)* 6. a **gang** of thieves *(банда воров)* 7. a **herd** of cows *(стадо коров)* 8. a **swarm** of bees *(рой пчел)* 9. a **bunch** of flowers *(букет цветов)* **Дополнительные сочетания (collocations):** * **a sack of:** *flour, coal, rice* * **a handful of:** *nuts, rice, sand, coins* * **a set of:** *keys, tools, rules, chairs* * **a pack of:** *wolves, cards, lies* * **a flock of:** *birds, geese, goats* * **a gang of:** *criminals, robbers, youths* * **a herd of:** *elephants, cattle, deer* * **a swarm of:** *flies, wasps, ants, mosquitoes* * **a bunch of:** *grapes, bananas, keys* --- #### **Exercise 8** **a) Statements about friendship from the text & opinions:** * *“Real friends should have everything in common.”* * **Opinion:** I agree that true friends should share things and support each other, but friendship must be a two-way street, not a one-sided relationship like Hugh and Hans had. * *“When people are in trouble they should be left alone, and not be bothered by visitors.”* * **Opinion:** I strongly disagree. Real friends help each other during difficult times instead of staying away. * *“Lots of people act well, but very few people talk well, which shows that talking is much the more difficult thing... and much the finer thing...”* * **Opinion:** I disagree completely. Actions speak louder than words. A person who only talks beautifully but does not help is not a true friend. **b) Short paragraph on the quote:** > *“Good friends are like stars... You don’t always see them, but you know they are always there.”* > > True friends might not be around you 24/7, and they might be busy with their own lives. However, whenever you face hardships or need advice, you know you can always count on their help and support. Distance or time cannot destroy real friendship because strong emotional bonds remain regardless of circumstances. --- #### **Exercise 9** **a) Dialogue (Hugh visits Hans after winter):** * **Hugh:** Good morning, little Hans! Spring has finally arrived, and I have come to see how my best friend is doing. * **Hans:** Good morning, Hugh! It is wonderful to see you. Winter was very long and hard, and I often had to go to bed hungry. * **Hugh:** Ah, but now the sun is shining! By the way, I noticed your primroses are blooming beautifully. True friends always share, don't they? Could you fill a big basket with primroses for me? * **Hans:** Of course, Hugh! I will gladly pick them for you. You have always been so kind to me. * **Hugh:** That is what devoted friendship is all about! I will take the flowers to the market. See you soon, Hans! **b)** При прослушивании аудиозаписи обратите внимание на то, как Мельник сразу начинает манипулировать Гансом и просить об услугах, подтверждая свое лицемерие. --- #### **Smile / Joke** **Question:** *Why does the other speaker call him 'stranger'?* **Answer:** The speaker calls him "stranger" because he is a fair-weather friend and pretends not to know him as soon as he is asked for help. He wants to avoid helping his friend in need. --- ### **Подробные пояснения к заданиям** 1. **Exercise 5 (Verbal Irony / Вербальная ирония):** Вербальная ирония строится на контрасте между буквальным смыслом слов и тем, что персонаж на самом деле делает или имеет в виду. Оскар Уайльд использует её, чтобы показать ханжество и эгоизм Мельника, который прикрывает жадность рассуждениями о «высокой морали». 2. **Exercise 7 (Collective Nouns / Собирательные существительные и меры):** В английском языке группы предметов и животных обозначаются строго фиксированными словами: * Для летающих насекомых — **swarm** *(swarm of bees/flies)*. * Для птиц и овец/коз — **flock** *(flock of sheep/birds)*. * Для крупного рогатого скота и диких стадных животных — **herd** *(herd of cows/elephants)*. * Для хищников, охотящихся стаей (собаки, волки), и колод карт — **pack** *(pack of dogs/cards)*. * Для людей с криминальным оттенком — **gang** *(gang of thieves)*. * Для предметов, составляющих комплект — **set** *(set of plates/tools)*. * Для сыпучих и объемных продуктов в таре — **sack** *(sack of potatoes/flour)*. * Для небольшого количества, помещающегося в ладонь — **handful** *(handful of sweets/nuts)*. * Для соединенных вместе цветов, фруктов или ключей — **bunch** *(bunch of flowers/grapes)*.