ГДЗ по английскому языку 9 класс Ваулина страница - 114

ГДЗ Английский язык 9 класс  Ваулина Ю.Е. 2015-2026 — готовые ответы и решения

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Серия: Spotlight

Тип книги: Учебник

Год: 2015-2026

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Подробное решение страница № 114 по английскому языку для учащихся 9 класса Spotlight , авторов Ваулина, Дули, Подоляко, Эванс 2015-2026

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7e Writing Skills
1. a) Read the theory.
For-and-against essays discuss the pros and cons of a specific topic. They are written in a formal style. In the introduction we present the topic without giving your opinion.
In the main body paragraphs we present points with arguments for and against in separate paragraphs. We support the arguments with justifications and
examples. We start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
In the conclusion we write a balanced summary of the points of the main topic and give our opinion. Appropriate linkers are used to connect similar ideas and introduce opposing ideas.
b) Read the rubric and answer the questions.
Computer games are hugely popular with children but many parents would like to see them banned. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay (110-120 words) discussing the pros and cons of banning video games.
1 What do you have to write?
2 Who are you writing for?
3 What style should you use?

2. In pairs, try to think of three arguments for banning video games and three against it (e.g. for: someone who plays violent computer games all the time might become violent themselves). Read the essay and check if any of your ideas were mentioned.

3. Which paragraph (1-5) contains:
• the first point for/against with justifications/examples?
• the writer's opinion?
• the third point for/against with justifications/examples?
• the second point for/against with justifications/examples?
• a clear presentation of the topic?
1 A recent survey found that 90% of youngsters aged eight to fifteen own their own video games console. But should video games be banned to avoid harmful influences on children?
2 Firstly, video games have a direct effect on health. Playing them means that children get less outdoor exercise. As a result, they can become overweight or even obese. On the other hand, the mental health benefits are undeniable. For example, playing video games helps youngsters relax and let off steam, which in turn reduces stress.
3 Secondly, video games are linked to education issues. Critics say they should be banned because they cause children to neglect their schoolwork.
Consequently, their grades and classroom performance suffer. However, it has been shown children can actually learn from playing video games. They develop different abilities such as coordination skills and logical thinking.
4 Finally, many computer games have some violence in them. People in favour of banning them say that they affect youths' behaviour in the outside world. They copy the violence they see on the screen and become more aggressive. In contrast, there are others who claim that teens are intelligent enough to tell the difference between games and the real world. They know that the violence they see on their video screen is fake.
5 All in all, there are arguments both for and against banning video games. I strongly believe parents should decide which games their children play and for how long. Therefore, there is no need to ban them.

4. Find the topic sentences in each main body paragraph. List the arguments for and against.
Which sentences: justify the points? give examples?

5. a) Which of the highlighted items in the text: introduce points? show contrast? conclude? introduce examples/justifications?
b) Replace each of the highlighted items with one from the list below.
• In conclusion
• Lastly
• like
• In addition
• All the same
• Nevertheless
• In the first place
• In spite of this
• For this reason
• For instance
• Because of this

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Объяснение и пошаговое решение

### Итоговые ответы --- #### **1 b. Read the rubric and answer the questions** 1. **What do you have to write?** An essay (180–220 words) discussing the pros and cons of banning video games. 2. **Who are you writing for?** For my teacher. 3. **What style should you use?** A formal style. --- #### **2. Arguments for and against banning video games** * **Arguments for banning (За запрет):** 1. Excessive playing leads to a sedentary lifestyle, eye strain, and obesity. 2. Video games take time away from schoolwork, leading to lower grades. 3. Violent games can increase aggression in young children. * **Arguments against banning (Против запрета):** 1. Video games help relieve stress, relax, and let off steam. 2. They develop logical thinking, problem-solving, and reaction speed. 3. Banning is unnecessary because parents can control screen time themselves. --- #### **3. Structure of the Essay (Match paragraphs 1–5)** * **the first point for/against with justifications/examples:** Paragraph 2 * **the writer's opinion:** Paragraph 5 * **the third point for/against with justifications/examples:** Paragraph 4 * **the second point for/against with justifications/examples:** Paragraph 3 * **a clear presentation of the topic:** Paragraph 1 --- #### **4. Topic Sentences, Arguments, Justifications & Examples** * **Paragraph 2:** * **Topic sentence:** *«Firstly, video games have a direct effect on health.»* * **Argument for banning:** Lack of outdoor exercise, risk of becoming overweight. * **Argument against banning:** Mental health benefits, stress relief. * **Sentence that justifies the point:** *«Playing them means that children get less outdoor exercise. As a result, they can become overweight or even obese.»* * **Sentence that gives an example:** *«For example, playing video games helps youngsters relax and let off steam, which in turn reduces stress.»* * **Paragraph 3:** * **Topic sentence:** *«Secondly, video games are linked to education issues.»* * **Argument for banning:** Children neglect schoolwork; grades suffer. * **Argument against banning:** Educational benefits (cognitive skills). * **Sentence that justifies the point:** *«Critics say they should be banned because they cause children to neglect their schoolwork. Consequently, their grades and classroom performance suffer.»* * **Sentence that gives an example:** *«They develop different abilities such as coordination skills and logical thinking.»* * **Paragraph 4:** * **Topic sentence:** *«Finally, many computer games have some violence in them.»* * **Argument for banning:** Teens copy on-screen violence and become more aggressive. * **Argument against banning:** Teens know the violence is fake and can distinguish fiction from reality. * **Sentences that justify the points:** * *«They copy the violence they see on the screen and become more aggressive.»* * *«They know that the violence they see on their video screen is fake.»* --- #### **5 a. Categorising the linking words (Связующие слова)** * **Introduce points (вводят новые пункты/мысли):** *Firstly, Secondly, Finally* * **Show contrast (выражают противопоставление):** *On the other hand, However, In contrast* * **Conclude (подводят итог):** *All in all, Therefore* * **Introduce examples/justifications (вводят примеры и обоснования):** *As a result, For example, Consequently, such as* --- #### **5 b. Replacing linking words with synonyms** * **Firstly** $\rightarrow$ **In the first place** * **As a result** $\rightarrow$ **Because of this** * **On the other hand** $\rightarrow$ **Nevertheless** * **For example** $\rightarrow$ **For instance** * **Secondly** $\rightarrow$ **In addition** * **Consequently** $\rightarrow$ **For this reason** * **However** $\rightarrow$ **In spite of this** * **such as** $\rightarrow$ **like** * **Finally** $\rightarrow$ **Lastly** * **In contrast** $\rightarrow$ **All the same** * **All in all** $\rightarrow$ **In conclusion** --- ### Подробное объяснение и структура эссе формата «For-and-Against» 1. **Формат эссе «За и против» (For-and-against Essay):** * Пишется в **официальном стиле (formal style)** без использования разговорных сокращений (*don't, can't*). * **Paragraph 1 (Introduction):** Введение в проблему в нейтральном ключе, без выражения собственного мнения. * **Paragraphs 2–4 (Main Body):** Каждый абзац начинается с **тематического предложения (Topic sentence)**, которое задает тему блока (здоровье, учеба, насилие), после чего приводятся аргументы обеих сторон с пояснениями (*justifications*) и примерами (*examples*). * **Paragraph 5 (Conclusion):** Обобщение всех аргументов и **личное мнение автора** (*I strongly believe...*). 2. **Связующие элементы (Linkers):** * Разнообразие вводных слов помогает сделать текст логичным и связным. Для высокого балла важно заменять стандартные слова (*First, Secondly, But*) на более богатые синонимы (*In the first place, In addition, In spite of this, For instance*).
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