5. Match the words/phrases in bold to their meanings.
• extremely small
• types
• continue living
• die out
• rows of bushes between fields or along lanes
• organisations that help people or animals
6. Listen to and read the text and make notes under these headings. Use your notes to give the class a summary of the text.
• where wildlife exists
• the problem
• the solutions
7. Project: In groups, collect information about habitats in Russia. What animals live there? What problems do they face? Make a poster. Stick pictures on it and write a few sentences about each habitat.
8. How can we make sure that the countryside remains unspoiled and that more habitats are not destroyed? Spend three minutes writing a few sentences on the topic. Discuss your sentences with your partner.
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Объяснение и пошаговое решение
### Итоговый ответ
#### **Exercise 5**
Сопоставление слов из текста с их значениями:
* **extremely small** — *tiny* (чрезвычайно маленький — крошечный)
* **types** — *species* (типы — виды)
* **continue living** — *survive* (продолжать жить — выживать)
* **die out** — *become extinct / are dying out* (вымирать — вымирать / исчезать)
* **rows of bushes between fields or along lanes** — *hedgerows* (ряды кустов между полями или вдоль дорожек — живые изгороди)
* **organisations that help people or animals** — *charities* (организации, помогающие людям или животным — благотворительные организации)
---
#### **Exercise 6**
**Notes under headings:**
* **Where wildlife exists:**
* In woodlands, rivers, hedgerows, and ponds.
* In neighbourhoods, school playgrounds, and private gardens.
* In tiny spaces, such as between grains of sand.
* **The problem:**
* Humans destroy natural habitats to build houses and roads.
* Trees are cut down; litter harms wildlife.
* Poisonous chemicals from farms and factories pollute water (rivers, lakes, ponds).
* Three species become extinct every hour because of habitat loss.
* **The solutions:**
* Learn about local habitats and problems.
* Write letters to local councils or wildlife charities.
* Never litter and always pick up rubbish in nature.
* Create small wildlife habitats in gardens or on balconies.
**Summary:**
> Wildlife can be found everywhere around us, from forests and rivers to gardens and even tiny spaces between grains of sand. However, human activity causes serious problems: cities expand, trees are cut down, and pollution from chemicals and litter destroys natural habitats, causing species to die out. To protect nature, we should report environmental issues to local charities, keep nature clean by picking up rubbish, and create small green habitats in our own gardens or balconies.
---
#### **Exercise 7 (Project)**
**Poster: Habitats in Russia**
1. **The Taiga (Boreal Forest):**
* *Animals:* Brown bears, Siberian tigers, wolves, and lynxes live here.
* *Problems:* The taiga suffers from illegal logging, forest fires, and industrial pollution.
2. **Lake Baikal (Freshwater Habitat):**
* *Animals:* Baikal seals (*nerpas*), omul fish, and many unique aquatic species.
* *Problems:* Industrial waste, tourism litter, and chemical runoff threaten the purity of the water.
3. **The Steppes:**
* *Animals:* Saiga antelopes, foxes, eagles, and rodents like ground squirrels.
* *Problems:* Habitat loss due to farming, overgrazing, and soil erosion.
---
#### **Exercise 8 (THINK!)**
> To keep the countryside unspoiled and protect habitats, the government should create more national parks and nature reserves. There should also be strict laws against illegal construction and deforestation. Moreover, each of us should be responsible: we must not leave litter, we should reduce plastic waste, and we can participate in tree-planting and cleaning campaigns.
---
### Объяснение и разбор заданий
1. **Задание 5 (Vocabulary):**
* В тексте «In Danger» выделены ключевые термины экологической тематики. Задача — найти в тексте синонимы или точные эквиваленты словарных дефиниций.
* *species* (виды) часто используется в значении биологических типов живых организмов.
* *hedgerows* (живые изгороди) — типичный элемент британского ландшафта, служащий домом для мелких птиц и грызунов.
2. **Задание 6 (Summarising):**
* Техника краткого изложения (*summarising*) строится на вычленении ключевых фактов: где живут животные, в чем заключается угроза их существованию и какие практические шаги может предпринять каждый человек.
3. **Задание 7 (Project):**
* При оформлении постера выделите 2–3 основные природные зоны своей страны, перечислите их типичных обитателей и экологические угрозы (вырубка лесов, загрязнение отходами, сельское хозяйство).
4. **Задание 8 (Productive Writing/Speaking):**
* При ответе на вопрос о защите природы используются модальные глаголы (*should, must, can*) и лексика по теме «Окружающая среда» (*nature reserves, deforestation, strict laws, protect habitats*).
Премиум
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