ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 149

### Итоговый ответ #### Упражнение 1 (a, b) * **1a:** * **Who is the leaflet for?** The leaflet is for tourists, travellers, or foreigners planning to visit or stay in the USA. * **What does 'Mind your manners' mean?** It means to behave politely, be mindful of etiquette, and follow socially acceptable rules of conduct in a specific culture or situation. * **1b:** * **Author's purpose:** The author’s purpose is to inform visitors about American social norms and customs to help them avoid misunderstandings, cultural blunders, or appearing rude. --- #### Упражнение 2 Разделение слов на американский (**AmE**) и британский (**BrE**) варианты английского языка: 1. **gas** (AmE) / **petrol** (BrE) — бензин 2. **sidewalk** (AmE) / **pavement** (BrE) — тротуар 3. **sneakers** (AmE) / **trainers** (BrE) — кроссовки 4. **freeway** (AmE) / **motorway** (BrE) — автомагистраль / шоссе 5. **drugstore** (AmE) / **chemist's** (BrE) — аптека 6. **counter-clockwise** (AmE) / **anti-clockwise** (BrE) — против часовой стрелки 7. **chips** (AmE) / **crisps** (BrE) — картофельные чипсы 8. **fries** (AmE) / **chips** (BrE) — картофель фри / жареный картофель 9. **attorney** (AmE) / **lawyer** (BrE) — юрист / адвокат 10. **fall** (AmE) / **autumn** (BrE) — осень 11. **sales clerk** (AmE) / **shop assistant** (BrE) — продавец-консультант 12. **zip code** (AmE) / **postcode** (BrE) — почтовый индекс 13. **bill** (AmE) / **note** (BrE) — банкнота / купюра 14. **eraser** (AmE) / **rubber** (BrE) — ластик / стёрка --- #### Упражнение 3 (THINK!) > *In my opinion, it is extremely important to learn about the customs and traditions of a country before visiting it. Firstly, being aware of local etiquette helps you avoid awkward situations and prevents you from unintentionally offending the local people. Secondly, showing respect for local culture and manners makes locals friendlier and more welcoming, ensuring a much smoother and more enjoyable travel experience. As the saying goes, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."* --- #### Упражнение 4 * **Advice from the USA leaflet that also applies to Russia:** * Do not cut ahead in a line (always wait for your turn). * Avoid asking intrusive personal questions about salary and income to strangers. * Always cover your mouth when yawning, coughing, or sneezing. * Remember to knock before entering a closed room/office. * Never forget to say «пожалуйста» (*please*) and «спасибо» (*thank you*). * Switch off or silence your mobile phone at the cinema, theatre, or in quiet public spaces. * Call beforehand rather than showing up completely unexpected. * **Additional advice for foreigners visiting Russia:** * Always take off your outdoor shoes and coat when entering someone's home (hosts usually offer slippers). * Stand up and give your seat on public transport to the elderly, pregnant women, and passengers with young children. * Do not shake hands across a threshold (doorstep) — it is considered bad luck. * If invited to dinner, bring a small gift (flowers, chocolates, or a cake). If giving flowers, make sure there is an odd number of stems. * Do not whistle indoors (it is believed to lead to financial loss). --- #### Упражнение 5 (ICT Portfolio: Leaflet) ```text ============================================================ WELCOME TO RUSSIA: MIND YOUR MANNERS! ============================================================ ★ TAKE OFF YOUR SHOES! Always remove your outdoor shoes when you enter a Russian home. Your host will likely offer you a pair of "tapochki" (slippers). ★ BE POLITE ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT: Always give up your seat on the metro or bus to the elderly, pregnant women, or people with small children. ★ DON'T SHAKE HANDS ACROSS A THRESHOLD: Wait until you are fully inside the house before greeting someone with a handshake. Shaking hands across the doorway is considered bad luck! ★ FLOWER ETIQUETTE: If you bring flowers to a host or a friend, always give an ODD number (1, 3, 5, etc.). Even numbers are reserved strictly for funerals. ★ TABLE MANNERS: Never leave an empty bottle on the dining table (put it on the floor), and never decline a cup of tea when offered — it is a sign of hospitality! ============================================================ ``` --- ### Подробное объяснение и разбор заданий 1. **Ex. 1a–1b**: * Брошюра содержит практические советы по этикету для людей, приезжающих в США. Идиома *«Mind your manners»* переводится как «Следи за манерами» или «Соблюдай приличия». * Основная цель текста (*author's purpose*) — подготовить путешественников к культурным различиям (личное пространство, чаевые, пунктуальность, обращение по имени) и помочь избежать коммуникативных ошибок (*culture shock*). 2. **Ex. 2 (British vs American English)**: * Различия в лексике между британским (BrE) и американским (AmE) вариантами английского языка — одна из ключевых тем школьной программы. * Особое внимание стоит уделить парам: * *chips/crisps* (в BrE *crisps* — тонкие чипсы в пачке, а *chips* — горячий картофель брусочками); * *chips/fries* (в AmE *fries / french fries* — картофель фри, а *chips* — чипсы в пакетиках). 3. **Ex. 3–5 (Продуктивная речь и проект)**: * Ответы ориентированы на демонстрацию богатого словарного запаса уровня B1–B2 (11 класс), использование вводных слов (*Firstly, Secondly, In my opinion, As the saying goes*) и применение социокультурных знаний о традициях России и США.