ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 188

### Ответы #### Exercise 1 1. **hadn't supported** *(или had not supported)* 2. **wouldn't have got** *(или would not have got / wouldn't have gotten)* 3. **hadn't tried** *(или had not tried)* 4. **would have** 5. **wouldn't have become** *(или would not have become)* --- #### Exercise 2 1. **leaves** 2. **wouldn't talk** *(или would not talk)* 3. **would have had** 4. **won't take off** *(или will not take off)* 5. **had listened** 6. **wouldn't have been** *(или would not have been)* 7. **would buy** 8. **rains** 9. **see** 10. **will go** 11. **were** *(допустимо: was)* 12. **will pass** --- #### Exercise 3 *(Примеры логичного завершения предложений)* 1. If he calls, **I will let you know**. 2. If he had more free time, **he would take up a new hobby**. 3. If you don't like the present, **you can exchange it**. 4. If they had had the money, **they would have bought that house**. 5. He would write to me if **he knew my address**. 6. You won't regret it if **you join us**. 7. Would you have apologised to him if **you had been wrong**? 8. I would have met her **if I had arrived on time**. 9. If he had recognised me, **he would have said hello**. 10. Unless you leave on time, **you will miss the train**. --- #### Exercise 4 1. *Пример в учебнике:* If the firefighters hadn't arrived in time, they wouldn't have saved the family from the flames. 2. **If prices hadn't fallen, the demand for mobile phones wouldn't have risen.** 3. **If it hadn't rained heavily (If there hadn't been heavy rain), the river wouldn't have burst its banks.** 4. **If the football player hadn't broken his leg, he wouldn't have spent the night in hospital.** 5. **If the robbers hadn't crashed their car, they wouldn't have been arrested.** --- ### Объяснение и грамматические правила #### Основные типы условных предложений (Conditionals): | Тип | Значение | Схема If-clause (придаточное) | Схема Main clause (главное) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Type 1** (Real Present/Future) | Реальное условие в будущем | **Present Simple** | **will + V1** (или модальный глагол / повелительное наклонение) | | **Type 2** (Unreal Present) | Нереальное условие в настоящем/совет | **Past Simple** (для *to be* используется *were*) | **would + V1** | | **Type 3** (Unreal Past) | Нереальное условие в прошлом (сожаление о случившемся) | **Past Perfect** (*had + V3*) | **would have + V3** | --- #### Разбор упражнений: * **Exercise 1:** * В пропусках **1, 2, 3** и **5** речь идет о событиях детства спортсмена (события в прошлом, которых не изменить) $\rightarrow$ используется **Type 3** (*had + V3* / *would have + V3*). * В пункте **5** использована инверсия условного предложения 3-го типа: *had I not been there* = *if I had not been there*. * В пропуске **4** описывается гипотетическое условие в рамках размышлений того времени $\rightarrow$ **Type 2** (*If I wanted ..., I would have to work hard*). * **Exercise 2:** * **1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12** — **Type 1** (реальные действия в будущем). Обратите внимание: союз **unless** переводится как «если не» и требует после себя глагол в утвердительной форме в Present Simple (*unless it stops*, *unless it rains*). * **2, 7, 11** — **Type 2** (воображаемые ситуации в настоящем). Устойчивая конструкция для совета: *If I were you, I would...* * **3, 5, 6** — **Type 3** (нереальные ситуации в прошлом). * **Exercise 4:** * Заголовки новостей сообщают о произошедших фактах в прошлом. Чтобы выразить альтернативный сценарий этих событий, используется **Type 3 Conditional** (*If + Past Perfect, would/wouldn't have + V3*). * Если исходное событие произошло (утверждение), в условном предложении мы ставим отрицание: *Цены упали $\rightarrow$ Если бы цены не упали...*