ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 113

Ниже представлены готовые ответы и подробные пояснения к заданиям со страницы 113 учебника **Spotlight 11** (*Culture Corner: Celtic Languages*). --- ### Итоговые ответы к упражнениям (Key / Answers) #### Exercise 1 * **How many languages are spoken in the British Isles?** According to the text, there are **6 main indigenous languages** mentioned: 5 Celtic languages (**Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic, Cornish**) and 1 Germanic language (**English**). * **Which is the oldest?** **Celtic languages** are the oldest family spoken in the British Isles (dating back before the Roman occupation, over 2,000 years ago). Among the specific languages mentioned, **Welsh** and **Cornish** directly descend from **Brythonic**, which was the historic native tongue of Britain before the Anglo-Saxon invasion. --- #### Exercise 2 (Sample Questions & Answers) * **A:** What percentage of the population in Wales speaks Welsh? **B:** Roughly 20% of the population. * **A:** When did Irish Gaelic become an official language of the EU? **B:** In 2007. * **A:** Where is Scottish Gaelic mainly spoken today? **B:** In the Highlands of Scotland and in the Western Isles. * **A:** Are there any native speakers of Manx left today? **B:** No, but about 2% of the island's population speak it as a second language. * **A:** When did English begin to develop in Britain? **B:** In the 5th century AD, after Anglo-Saxon tribes invaded Britain. --- #### Exercise 3 (Vocabulary Explanations & Sentences) 1. **Compulsory** (обязательный) — required by law or a rule; mandatory. *Example sentence:* Secondary education is compulsory for all children under sixteen. 2. **Majority** (большинство) — the greater number or part of something (more than 50%). *Example sentence:* The majority of students passed the final exam successfully. 3. **Closely related** (тесно связанный, близкородственный) — having a strong connection or similar origin. *Example sentence:* Spanish and Italian are closely related languages. 4. **Declining** (снижающийся, идущий на убыль) — becoming smaller, fewer, or less. *Example sentence:* The number of rare bird species in this forest is declining. 5. **Native speakers** (носители языка) — people who have spoken a particular language from earliest childhood. *Example sentence:* Practising with native speakers is a great way to improve your pronunciation. 6. **Revived** (возрожденный) — brought back to life, health, or active use. *Example sentence:* The ancient tradition of folk dancing was revived by local enthusiasts. 7. **Descendant** (потомок) — something that has developed or originated from an earlier form. *Example sentence:* Modern Italian is a direct descendant of Latin. --- #### Exercise 4 (One Fact About Each Language) * **Welsh:** It is mandatory for school children in Wales to study it from age 5 to 16, and there is a Welsh-speaking colony in Argentina. * **Irish Gaelic:** It became an official language of the European Union in 2007. * **Scottish Gaelic:** The common English word *slogan* comes from Scottish Gaelic. * **Manx Gaelic:** Although there are no native speakers left, some pre-schools and one primary school on the Isle of Man teach entirely in Manx. * **Cornish:** It died out in the 18th century but has been successfully revived, with around 560 fluent speakers today. * **English:** It arrived in Britain in the 5th century AD with Germanic Anglo-Saxon invaders. --- #### Exercise 5 (ICT Portfolio: Article) **Languages of the Russian Federation: Tatar and Yakut** Russia is a vast, multicultural country with more than 150 indigenous languages belonging to different language families. * **Tatar:** * **Where spoken:** Mainly in the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as in other regions along the Volga River. * **Number of speakers:** Over 4 million people. * **Interesting facts:** Tatar belongs to the Turkic language family. It has co-official status alongside Russian in Tatarstan, and it is widely used in media, education, and theatre. * **Yakut (Sakha):** * **Where spoken:** In the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in north-eastern Siberia. * **Number of speakers:** Around 450,000 people. * **Interesting facts:** Despite being a Turkic language, it has developed in extreme isolation in the coldest inhabited region on Earth, incorporating many words of Tungusic and Mongolic origin. The epic tradition *Olonkho* in the Yakut language is recognized by UNESCO. --- ### Пояснения к выполнению заданий 1. **Задание 1:** Требует ознакомительного чтения текстов для поиска конкретной информации (кельтские языки существовали на островах задолго до прихода англосаксов в V веке н.э.). 2. **Задание 2:** Диалог-расспрос строится с использованием специальных вопросов (*Wh-questions*) в форме *Past Simple* или *Present Simple*. 3. **Задание 3:** Ключевые термины связаны с языкознанием и социолингвистикой (выделенные курсивом/подчеркиванием в оригинальном тексте учебника). При составлении собственных предложений следите за правильным согласованием времен и грамматических форм. 4. **Задание 4:** Устное задание для работы в парах с опорой на запомненные интересные факты (*Interesting facts*) из каждого микротекста. 5. **Задание 5:** Проектная работа оформляется в виде небольшой заметки/статьи с подзаголовками, отражающими регион распространения, число носителей и уникальные культурные особенности выбранных языков.