ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 114

### Итоговый ответ #### 1. Introductory Questions & Text Overview * **How do you communicate with your friends?** > *Nowadays, I usually communicate with my friends using smartphones, social media apps (like Telegram and VK), instant messaging, video calls, and voice notes.* * **How did people communicate in the past?** > *In the past, people used carrier pigeons, smoke and fire signals, human messengers who shouted or ran from station to station, and even whistling languages.* --- #### 2. Word Formation & Words in Bold **Заполнение пропусков (Словообразование):** 1. **distant** *(от distance)* 2. **creative** *(от create)* 3. **communication** *(от communicate)* 4. **winners** *(от win)* 5. **heroic** *(от hero)* 6. **different** *(от differ)* 7. **variation** / **variations** *(от vary)* 8. **arrival** *(от arrive)* **Объяснение слов, выделенных жирным шрифтом в тексте (*Words in bold*):** * **pigeon** — a grey bird that is common in cities and was historically used to carry messages *(голубь)*. * **convey** — to communicate or express an idea, thought, or message to someone *(передавать, выражать)*. * **puffs of smoke** — small, round clouds of smoke rising into the air *(клубы дыма)*. * **relayed** — passed on information or messages from one person or place to another *(передавали дальше / по цепочке)*. * **destination** — the end point or place to which someone or something is going *(пункт назначения)*. * **whistling** — making a high-pitched sound by forcing air through the lips or teeth *(свист)*. --- #### 3. Discussion > *If we had no modern means of communication, I would choose **carrier pigeons**. First of all, pigeons can travel long distances quickly (up to 60 mph) without needing roads or a direct line of sight. Secondly, unlike smoke signals or shouting, pigeon post allows you to send detailed written messages securely.* --- #### 4. ICT Portfolio: Presentation on Means of Communication in the Past * **Slide/Topic 1: The Heliograph (Signalling with Mirrors)** * *What it is:* A device that used sunlight reflected by a mirror to transmit signals. * *How it worked:* Operators moved the mirror or used a shutter to create flashes of light in Morse code. * *Where it was used:* In the 19th and early 20th centuries by armies in sunny regions (it could reach up to 50–70 km between mountaintops). * **Slide/Topic 2: The Electric Telegraph** * *What it is:* Invented by Samuel Morse and others in the 1830s–1840s, it sent electrical pulses along wires. * *Impact:* It transformed global communication by allowing messages (telegrams) to be delivered across continents in minutes instead of weeks. --- ### Подробное объяснение #### Пояснения к словообразованию (Задание 2): 1. **distance** $\rightarrow$ **distant** *(прилагательное перед существительным: distant friends — далекие друзья / друзья на расстоянии).* 2. **create** $\rightarrow$ **creative** *(прилагательное перед существительным ways: creative ways — творческие/изобретательные способы).* 3. **communicate** $\rightarrow$ **communication** *(существительное после предлога of: means of communication — средства связи).* 4. **win** $\rightarrow$ **winners** *(существительное во множественном числе: announce the winners — объявлять победителей).* 5. **hero** $\rightarrow$ **heroic** *(прилагательное перед существительным pigeon: a heroic pigeon — героический голубь).* 6. **differ** $\rightarrow$ **different** *(прилагательное: to convey different messages — передавать различные сообщения).* 7. **vary** $\rightarrow$ **variation** *(существительное после артикля a: a variation on this system — разновидность этой системы).* 8. **arrive** $\rightarrow$ **arrival** *(существительное после артикля the: before the arrival of radio — до появления/прибытия радио).*