ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 127

Ниже представлены выполненные задания со страницы 127 учебника **Spotlight 11** по стихотворению Редьярда Киплинга *«If—»* (*«Если...»*). --- ### Итоговый ответ #### Exercise 4 **Verse 1:** * **ignore doubt:** *«trust yourself when all men doubt you»* (строка 3) * **be patient:** *«can wait and not be tired by waiting»* (строка 5) * **be honest:** *«being lied about, don’t deal in lies»* (строка 6) * **be courageous:** *«keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs»* (строки 1–2) * **be modest:** *«yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise»* (строка 8) **Verse 2:** * **be imaginative:** *«dream — and not make dreams your master»* (строка 9) * **be thoughtful:** *«think — and not make thoughts your aim»* (строка 10) * **don’t be fooled:** *«meet with Triumph and Disaster / And treat those two impostors just the same»* (строки 11–12) * **accept that people lie:** *«hear the truth you’ve spoken / Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools»* (строки 13–14) * **be strong despite difficulties:** *«watch the things you gave your life to, broken, / And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools»* (строки 15–16) **Verse 3:** * **take risks:** *«make one heap of all your winnings / And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss»* (строки 17–18) * **be positive / be determined:** *«lose, and start again at your beginnings»* (строка 19) * **be uncomplaining:** *«never breathe a word about your loss»* (строка 20) * **be determined:** *«force your heart and nerve and sinew / To serve your turn long after they are gone»* (строки 21–22) **Verse 4:** * **be polite / be modest:** *«talk with crowds and keep your virtue»* (строка 25) * **be respectful / be tolerant:** *«walk with Kings — nor lose the common touch»* (строка 26) * **be tolerant:** *«neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you»* (строка 27) * **be respectful:** *«all men count with you, but none too much»* (строка 28) * **be productive:** *«fill the unforgiving minute / With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run»* (строки 29–30) --- #### Exercise 5 1. I can't bear **to** see Jackie ever again. 2. My brother often used to do something naughty, then blame it **on** me. 3. We have to make allowances **for** Tom's mistake. He's been quite ill lately. 4. Don't give way **to** anger, Tracy! Try to calm down. 5. My dad built **up** his business from scratch. 6. You can tell me. I won't breathe a word **about** (*or* **of**) it to anyone! 7. I usually go to bed long **before** everyone else. 8. Ben found his course very difficult, but he managed to hold **on** and finished it. **Examples with bold phrases:** * **can't bear to:** I *can't bear to* see animals suffer. * **blame on:** You shouldn't *blame* your failure *on* bad luck. * **make allowances for:** Teachers always *make allowances for* students who are nervous during exams. * **give way to:** Never *give way to* panic in an emergency. * **build up:** It takes years to *build up* a good reputation. * **breathe a word about:** Please promise me you won't *breathe a word about* our surprise party. * **long before:** She had finished her essay *long before* the deadline. * **hold on:** Things are tough right now, but you must *hold on*. --- #### Exercise 6 * **Verse 1:** * *trust / doubt* (line 3) * *hated / hating* (line 7) * **Verse 2:** * *Triumph / Disaster* (line 11) * *broken / build ’em up* (lines 15–16) * **Verse 3:** * *winnings / loss* (lines 17, 20) * *start again / gone* (lines 19, 22) * **Verse 4:** * *crowds / Kings* (lines 25–26) * *foes / loving friends* (line 27) --- #### Exercise 7 * **Number of verses (строфы):** 4 verses. * **Number of lines per verse (строки):** 8 lines in each verse. * **Number of syllables per line (слоги):** 10–11 syllables in each line (mainly iambic pentameter). * **Rhyming pattern (рифмовка):** * Verse 1: **AAAABCBC** (or **ABABCDCD** depending on the edition; line 1 rhymes with 2, 3 with 4 or alternating). * Verses 2, 3, 4: **ABABCDCD** (the 1st line rhymes with the 3rd, the 2nd with the 4th, the 5th with the 7th, the 6th with the 8th). * The poem follows a consistent alternating rhyme scheme across verses 2–4, with a slight variation in verse 1 (*you / you / you / you*). --- #### Exercise 8 Ударения в первых четырех строках (ямбический пятистопник): > If you can **keep** your **head** when **all** a**bout** you > Are **los**ing **theirs** and **bla**ming **it** on **you**, > If you can **trust** your**self** when **all** men **doubt** you, > But **make** al**low**ance **for** their **doubt**ing **too**; --- #### Exercise 9 *The poem makes me feel **inspired** and **motivated**. It gives powerful life lessons on how to stay calm, honest, and resilient when facing challenges. It encourages me to believe in myself and work hard without giving up.* --- #### Exercise 10 (Literary techniques) * **Personification (Олицетворение):** * *«If you can meet with **Triumph and Disaster** / And treat those **two impostors** just the same»* (Триумф и Бедствие представлены как люди/самозванцы). * *«the **unforgiving minute**»* (минута описана как «неумолимая/непрощающая»). * *«except the **Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’**»* (Воля наделяется способностью говорить). * **Metaphors (Метафоры):** * *«make dreams your **master**»* (мечты сравниваются с хозяином). * *«make thoughts your **aim**»* (мысли — с целью). * *«build ’em up with **worn-out tools**»* («изношенные инструменты» метафорически обозначают остаток сил и жизненного опыта). --- #### Exercise 11 (Portfolio: New verse) > If you can feel sorrow yet never **despair**; > If you can be kind to those without **care**, > If you can find courage when living in **pain**, > And see what is lost as a future to **gain**; > If you can help people who suffer in **need**, > And keep your heart open, unpoisoned by **greed**, > If you can show mercy and learn to **forgive**, > Yours is the Earth and the way you should **live**! --- ### Пояснение к решению 1. **Exercise 4:** Все качества характера сгруппированы по строфам. В тексте Киплинг использует конструкцию *«If you can...»*, перечисляя условия, формирующие идеальный характер зрелого человека. 2. **Exercise 5:** Фразовые глаголы и устойчивые коллокации соответствуют тексту стихотворения: * *bear to do sth* — выносить, терпеть; * *blame sth on sb* — винить кого-то в чем-то; * *make allowances for* — делать скидку на что-либо, принимать во внимание; * *give way to* — поддаваться (чувству, эмоции); * *build up* — строить, развивать; * *breathe a word about/of* — проговориться, сказать хоть слово; * *long before / long after* — задолго до / спустя долгое время после; * *hold on* — держаться, не сдаваться. 3. **Exercise 6–8:** Стихотворение построено на контрастах (антитезах: *Triumph / Disaster*, *Kings / crowds*), что подчеркивает необходимость сохранять баланс в любых крайностях. Размер стихотворения — ямбический пентаметр (iambic pentameter), где чередуются безударный и ударный слоги (ритм *da-DUM da-DUM*). 4. **Exercise 10:** Киплинг мастерски использует прием олицетворения (*personification*), оживляя абстрактные понятия (Успех, Поражение, Волю), чтобы показать правильное к ним отношение.