ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 23

### Решение заданий (Spotlight 11, стр. 23) #### Exercise 1 **Possible answer:** I can hear cars honking, people rushing to work, and birds chirping in the trees. I can see busy streets, crowded bus stops, and green courtyards. I can smell fresh morning air mixed with car exhaust fumes and the aroma of coffee from a nearby café. The scene makes me feel energetic and ready for the week, although a bit overwhelmed by the hustle and bustle. --- #### Exercise 2 **Possible answer:** * **Adjectives:** *green, crowded, noisy, clean, peaceful.* * **Sentences:** 1. My neighbourhood is quite **green** and **peaceful** because there are many parks, alleys, and yards with old trees. 2. However, near the main avenue it is very **crowded** and **noisy** during rush hour due to heavy traffic. 3. Our street is usually **clean** because the local council and cleaners take good care of the area. --- #### Exercise 3 **Answer:** * **Topic:** The leaflet is about practical ways to keep our local neighbourhood clean, tidy, and environmentally friendly. * **Purpose:** Its purpose is to inform people, raise environmental awareness, and encourage residents to take active steps to protect and improve their local area. --- #### Exercise 4 **Explanations & Sample Sentences:** 1. **Rubbish / Litter** — waste material, things that are discarded. * *Sentence:* Please do not drop **litter** on the pavement; throw it into the bin. 2. **Local council** — the municipal organization responsible for managing local public services. * *Sentence:* Our **local council** recently installed new recycling bins in the park. 3. **Swap** — to exchange one thing for another. * *Sentence:* We organised a book **swap** event at school so everyone could get new books for free. 4. **Compost heap** — a pile of decaying organic matter (food scraps, dry leaves) used to fertilise soil. * *Sentence:* We put vegetable peelings and cut grass on the **compost heap** in our garden. 5. **Encourage** — to give support, confidence, or hope to someone to do something. * *Sentence:* Teachers **encourage** students to use reusable water bottles instead of disposable ones. 6. **Recycle** — to treat materials that have been used so that they can be used again. * *Sentence:* Our family tries to **recycle** all plastic and glass containers. --- #### Exercise 5 **Ways of making a neighbourhood greener & how suggestions are supported:** * **Ways:** 1. Reduce waste, reuse items, and recycle materials (paper, glass, cans, plastic). 2. Start a compost heap for organic waste. 3. Organise swap days for clothes, toys, and books instead of throwing them away. 4. Organise community clean-up days and plant trees or flowers. 5. Report problems (like illegal dumping or broken facilities) to the local council. * **Support:** The writer supports these suggestions with clear explanations of their benefits (e.g., composting creates rich soil and reduces landfill waste; swapping saves money and reduces consumption) and gives concrete, easy-to-follow examples. --- #### Exercise 6 (ICT Portfolio) **Plan for 'Clean, Green Neighbourhood' Day:** * **Date:** Saturday, 20th May * **Location:** Central District Park & Residential Courtyards * **Schedule of Activities:** * **09:00 – 10:00:** Opening ceremony, briefing, and distribution of gloves and trash bags. * **10:00 – 11:30:** Litter collection and sorting along streets and in public parks. * **11:30 – 13:00:** Tree, shrub, and flower planting around playgrounds and residential yards. * **13:00 – 14:00:** Picnic break with zero-waste snacks. * **14:00 – 15:30:** Book and clothes swap stall; workshops on home composting and sorting waste. * **15:30 – 16:00:** Summary of the day, prize giving for the most active volunteers. --- #### Exercise 7 (GREEN Wisdom) **Quote:** *"It is our responsibilities, not ourselves, that we should take seriously."* (Peter Ustinov) **Meaning:** This saying means that we should not be driven by our ego, pride, or self-importance. Instead, we must focus our attention and dedication on our duties, the promises we make, and the care we owe to others and the planet. Taking our environmental responsibilities seriously means acting thoughtfully and conscientiously every day rather than just talking about our personal virtues. --- ### Пояснения и разбор заданий 1. **Задание 1 (Вводное высказывание):** Требует описания чувственного восприятия (зрение, слух, обоняние, эмоции) с использованием Present Simple и модального глагола *can* (*I can see / hear / smell...*). 2. **Задание 2 (Описание района):** Используются оценочные прилагательные по теме *Neighbourhood*. Обязательно давать обоснование с помощью союзов *because / as / since*. 3. **Задание 3 (Анализ текста/буклета):** Требует кратко сформулировать тему (*What it is about*) и целевое назначение текста (*To inform, persuade, encourage*). 4. **Задание 4 (Словарный запас):** Выделенные слова связаны с экологией и общественной жизнью. Сначала дается краткое толкование термина на английском языке, затем составляется собственное грамматически корректное предложение. 5. **Задание 5 (Критическое мышление / извлечение информации):** Включает два шага: выписать конкретные инициативы по тексту и указать, как автор аргументирует их полезность (через логические связки, примеры и разъяснение выгоды для природы и человека). 6. **Задание 6 (Проект/Портфолио):** Представлен структурированный поминутный план волонтерского дня с экологическими активностями: сбор мусора, озеленение, своп-маркет, мастер-классы. 7. **Задание 7 (Обсуждение цитаты):** Анализ мудрой мысли Питера Устинова направлен на разграничение эгоцентризма и чувства долга (в частности, экологического долга перед обществом и природой).