ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 22

### Ответы к заданиям (Spotlight 11, стр. 22) --- #### Exercise 1 1. **Is it a working-class family? Why?** No, it is most likely an upper- or middle-class family because they are well-dressed, look healthy and prosperous, and having a family portrait taken was expensive at that time. 2. **Where are they?** They are in a garden or yard outside their large house / estate (or in a photographer’s outdoor studio setting). 3. **What are they dressed in: everyday clothes? best clothes? Why?** They are dressed in their best clothes (formal Victorian suits and elegant dresses) because having a photograph taken in the 19th century was a rare and special occasion. 4. **Who seems to be the head of the household? Why?** The father seems to be the head of the household because he is seated centrally with an authoritative, dignified posture, and the entire family is arranged around him. --- #### Exercise 2a (Word Formation / Grammar) 1. **having** 2. **running** 3. **their** 4. **be seen** 5. **to share** 6. **did not go** 7. **younger** --- #### Exercise 2b (Vocabulary Explanations) * **Head of the household** — the person who is in charge of the family and makes the main decisions (глава семьи). * **Nursery** — a special room in a house set apart for the use of young children (детская комната). * **Nanny** — a woman employed to look after children in their own home (няня). * **Servants** — people employed to perform household duties (прислуга). * **Butler** — the chief male servant in a large household, who serves at table and opens the door (дворецкий). * **Household chores** — routine tasks and cleaning that need to be done around the house (домашние обязанности/дела). * **Running water** — water supplied to a house through pipes and taps (водопровод). * **Water pump** — a mechanical device used to pump water from an underground source (водяная колонка / насос). * **Coal mines** — deep holes or tunnels in the ground from which coal is dug out (угольные шахты). * **Cotton mills** — factories where cotton is spun into thread or woven into cloth (хлопкопрядильные фабрики). * **Chimney sweeps** — people (often children in the Victorian era) who cleaned soot from chimneys (трубочисты). --- #### Exercise 3 (Comparing and Contrasting) * **Both** upper-class and working-class Victorian families were very large and usually had many children. * **Both** types of families considered the father to be the main authority and provider. * Upper- and middle-class children had nannies and received an education, **whereas** many working-class children had to work from a very young age or look after their siblings. * Upper-class families had servants to do the housework, **but** working-class mothers had to do all the household chores by themselves. * Wealthy families lived in large, comfortable houses with running water, **whereas** poor families lived in overcrowded small rooms and shared outside pumps. --- #### Exercise 4 (THINK! / Project) * **Example Answer:** *My modern family is much smaller than the Hughes family; my parents only have two children, whereas Victorian families often had ten or more. In the old photograph, the family looks very formal and serious, but in our modern family photos, we usually smile, laugh, and wear casual everyday clothes (like jeans and T-shirts).* *Their lifestyle was strictly divided by social roles: children were expected to be quiet and obedient, and the father was the absolute authority. In contrast, our modern lifestyle is much more democratic and relaxed: my parents listen to our opinions, we all help around the house, and children spend their time studying and having hobbies rather than working long hours.* --- ### Подробное объяснение и грамматический комментарий к Exercise 2a 1. **having** — абсолютная причастная конструкция с предлогом *with* (*with an average family having...*). Используется причастие настоящего времени (*Present Participle* / *-ing form*) для описания характеристики. 2. **running** — после предлогов (в данном случае *responsible **for***) всегда используется форма герундия (*-ing*). 3. **their** — притяжательное местоимение от *they* (чьих родителей? — *их*, *their parents*). 4. **be seen** — пассивный инфинитив после модального глагола *should* (*should + be + V3*). Это устойчивая английская поговорка викторианской эпохи: *«Children should be seen and not heard»* («Детей должно быть видно, но не слышно»). 5. **to share** — устойчивая конструкция *it + be + adjective + for somebody + to-infinitive* (*it was not uncommon for a whole street **to share**...*). 6. **did not go** — повествование ведется в прошедшем простом времени (*Past Simple*), отрицательная форма для смыслового глагола строится с помощью вспомогательного глагола *did* (*did not go*). 7. **younger** — сравнительная степень прилагательного *young* (*younger brothers and sisters* — младшие братья и сестры по сравнению со старшими).