ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 93

## Итоговые ответы ### Ex. 3a — Report Headings 1. **Introduction** 2. **Housing** 3. **Facilities** *(или Public Facilities)* 4. **General Environment** 5. **Conclusion** --- ### Ex. 3b — Parts of the Report * **say what information the report will contain?** — *Subject line / Introduction* * **make suggestions/recommendations?** — *Main body (Sections 2, 3, 4: Housing, Facilities, General Environment)* * **say who will read the report?** — *Header: To* * **state the purpose of the report?** — *Section 1: Introduction* * **summarise the main points?** — *Section 5: Conclusion* * **offer a personal opinion?** — *Section 5: Conclusion* * **say who wrote the report?** — *Header: From* --- ### Ex. 4a — Linking Words & Alternatives | Category | Used in the model report | Alternatives | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **To list points** | *Firstly, Secondly, In addition* | *To begin with, Furthermore, Moreover, Also, Finally* | | **To emphasise** | *in particular* | *especially, particularly* | | **To express cause & effect** | *in order to, Therefore, so that, Doing this would* | *As a result, For this reason, Consequently, By doing this, we would* | | **To make suggestions/recommendations** | *it would be appropriate to, I would strongly suggest that, Another suggestion would be for... to be* | *I recommend, It would be a good idea to, One suggestion would be to* | | **To conclude / summarise** | *All in all* | *To sum up, In conclusion, All things considered* | --- ### Ex. 4b — Gap-filling with Linking Words/Phrases 1. **Although** *(или While / Despite the fact that)* many activities are organised at the community centre, they are poorly advertised. **Therefore** *(или As a result / Consequently / For this reason)*, the centre is not being used as much as it could be. 2. **I strongly suggest** *(или I recommend / It would be a good idea)* that pop concerts be held in the park in the summer **so that** there is something to interest teenagers too. 3. **Firstly** *(или To begin with / In the first place)*, some of the windows on the first floor are cracked. **Secondly** *(или In addition / Furthermore / Also / Moreover)*, the whole building badly needs repainting. 4. The entrance hall also needs improving, **in particular** *(или especially / particularly)* the old-fashioned décor and poor lighting. 5. **One suggestion would be to** *(или It would be a good idea to / If we were to)* repaint the community centre in a more modern style. **Doing this would** *(или In this way, we would / This would)* encourage more young people to participate in activities. --- ### Ex. 5 — Formal Style Rewriting 1. **The flats should be renovated.** *(пример)* 2. **Doing this would make it more appealing to students.** 3. **The purpose of this report is to suggest improvements to the school entrance hall.** 4. **As some of the old flats are uninhabited, they should be demolished.** *(или Some of the old flats are uninhabited and should be demolished.)* 5. **Finally, I would strongly suggest that language classes (should) be held at the community centre.** 6. **The library would attract more residents if it had a larger collection of books.** --- ## Пояснения и разбор заданий ### Задание 3a и 3b: Структура отчёта (Report) Официальный отчёт пишется по строгой структуре: * **Header (Шапка):** указывает автора (*From*), адресата (*To*), тему (*Subject*) и дату (*Date*). * **Introduction (Введение):** чётко формулирует цель документа с помощью клише (*The aim/purpose of this report is to...*). * **Основная часть (Разделы с подзаголовками):** группирует проблемы и рекомендации по логическим блокам (*Housing*, *Facilities*, *General Environment*). * **Conclusion (Заключение):** подводит итог предложенным мерам (*All in all...*) и выражает профессиональную/личную оценку автора. --- ### Задание 4a и 4b: Связующие слова и фразы (Linking words) * **Противопоставление и уступка (Concession):** *Although / While / Despite the fact that* используются перед придаточным предложением с грамматической основой. * **Причина и следствие (Cause & effect):** *Therefore / As a result / Consequently* показывают логический итог ситуации; союзы *so that / in order to* выражают цель действия. * **Внесение предложений (Suggestions):** после конструкций *I suggest that...* / *I recommend that...* часто используется сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive mood) или инфинитив без частицы *to*: *...that pop concerts **be** held...* --- ### Задание 5: Официально-деловой стиль (Formal style) Для перевода предложений в формальный стиль используются: * **Пассивный залог (Passive Voice):** вместо разговорного *someone should knock them down* используется *they should be demolished*. * **Формальная лексика:** замена разговорных выражений и фразовых глаголов на синонимы латинского происхождения: * *do up* $\rightarrow$ *renovate / be renovated* * *nicer / hang out* $\rightarrow$ *more appealing to* * *no one lives in* $\rightarrow$ *uninhabited* * *bring in people who live in the area* $\rightarrow$ *attract residents* * *a lot of books* $\rightarrow$ *a larger collection of books* * **Клише для формулировки цели:** *The purpose of this report is to...* заменяет разговорное *I want to suggest...*