ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 96

### Итоговые ответы --- #### 1. Definition and Word Associations * **What is a shanty town?** A shanty town (or slum) is an overcrowded, impoverished urban settlement made up of poorly constructed shelters and lacking essential infrastructure. * **How the words relate to shanty towns:** * **Overcrowded community:** Many people live closely packed in a very limited space. * **Basic services:** There is usually a lack of essential services such as electricity, running water, and waste disposal. * **Illegal:** Shanty towns are often built illegally on public or private land without permits. * **Medical care:** Residents have little or no access to doctors, clinics, or hospitals. * **Unemployment:** Job opportunities are scarce, leading to high jobless rates. * **Poverty:** Most dwellers live well below the poverty line. * **Malnutrition:** A lack of money and fresh food causes poor diet and starvation. * **Child labour:** Children are often forced to work instead of going to school to help their families survive. * **Clean water:** Safe drinking water is rarely available, leading to contamination. * **Disease:** Sickness and infections spread rapidly due to terrible hygiene and open waste. * **Crime:** Extreme poverty and the absence of police control foster gangs and violence. * **Legal ownership:** Residents do not officially own the land or dwellings, putting them at constant risk of eviction. --- #### 2. a. Multiple Choice (Gaps 1–7) 1. **2 (little)** 2. **1 (up)** 3. **4 (they)** 4. **3 (spreads)** 5. **1 (can)** 6. **3 (earn)** 7. **1 (cases)** --- #### 2. b. Words and Phrases in Bold (Explanations) * **overcrowded community:** an area where too many people live packed together in cramped conditions. * **rough huts:** simple, crudely made shelters of wood, metal, or cardboard. * **basic services:** essential public utilities such as water, sanitation, electricity, and waste collection. * **illegal:** against the law / not officially permitted. * **prospect:** the possibility or likelihood of some future event happening. * **cope with:** to deal successfully with a difficult situation or problem. * **malnutrition:** physical weakness or illness caused by a lack of proper food. * **sanitation facilities:** systems for disposing of sewage and keeping public hygiene (e.g. toilets, sewers). * **filthy:** extremely dirty and polluted. * **amenities:** features that provide comfort, convenience, or pleasure (e.g. clean water, public lighting). * **slum dwellers:** people who live in a slum or shanty town. * **legal ownership:** the official right recognized by law to possess property or land. --- #### 3. Comprehension Questions 1. **How are shanty towns started?** They start when vast numbers of people move from rural areas to cities in search of a better life, but cannot find decent or affordable housing, so they build makeshift shelters on unoccupied or worthless land. 2. **What main problems do people living in shanty towns face?** They suffer from poverty, high unemployment, lack of basic services (clean water, electricity, sanitation), malnutrition, diseases, child labour, and high levels of crime and violence. 3. **What can be done to improve the situation?** Governments and international charities can provide micro-loans for business startups, supply basic infrastructure (electricity, water, sanitation), and grant residents legal ownership of their land. --- #### 4. THINK! Proposal for the City Council **To:** The City Council **From:** Residents' Committee of the Shanty Town **Subject:** Proposal for Urgent Infrastructure & Living Conditions Improvement * **Housing:** * Grant official land titles to prevent illegal evictions and encourage residents to invest in safe building materials. * Provide low-cost, durable building materials and basic architectural guidance to rebuild unstable huts. * **Sanitation:** * Install communal plumbing, proper sewage pipelines, and modern public toilets. * Establish regular municipal waste collection points to remove trash and stop the spread of diseases. * **Services:** * Connect the settlement to the city’s clean water supply and electricity grid. * Set up a mobile health clinic for basic medical care and vaccinations. * Provide access to local public schools and vocational training programmes for young people. --- ### Разбор и объяснение решений 1. **Задание 2a (Грамматика и лексика):** * **Пропуск 1 (`little`):** Слово *access* — неисчисляемое существительное. Используется устойчивое сочетание *little or no access* («мало доступа или вовсе его отсутствие»). Вариант *few* используется только с исчисляемыми существительными. * **Пропуск 2 (`up`):** Фразовый глагол *end up (+ V-ing)* означает «оказаться в итоге в каком-либо положении/месте». * **Пропуск 3 (`they`):** Личное местоимение *they* выступает подлежащим главного предложения (*they are polluted, filthy environments...*) и заменяет существительное во множественном числе *shanty towns*. * **Пропуск 4 (`spreads`):** Устойчивая глагольная сочетаемость: *disease spreads* («болезнь распространяется»). * **Пропуск 5 (`can`):** Модальный глагол *can* выражает возможность в придаточных цели с союзом *so that* («чтобы они могли открыть бизнес»). * **Пропуск 6 (`earn`):** Устойчивое словосочетание: *to earn a (decent) living* («зарабатывать на (достойную) жизнь»). * **Пропуск 7 (`cases`):** Идиоматическое выражение: *in some cases* («в некоторых случаях»).