ГДЗ по английскому языку 11 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 97

### Exercise 1 **Answer:** A green belt is a zone of open, protected land around a town or city where building and urban development are forbidden or strictly limited to prevent cities from spreading too far. --- ### Exercise 2 **1. Who mentions:** 1. that the country needs more of something? — **Tim** *(he mentions that England has a huge housing shortage problem)* 2. the relationship between green belts and conservation? — **Both** *(Suzy mentions wildlife habitats; Tim mentions nature reserves and national parks)* 3. that some areas of green belts are ugly? — **Tim** *(he says that some green belt land is very unattractive)* 4. the effect that green belts have on pollution levels? — **Both** *(Suzy says plants clean city air; Tim says commuters travelling around green belts create traffic and CO₂ pollution)* **2. Personal opinion (sample answer):** *I agree more with Suzy because green spaces are vital for people's physical and mental health, as well as for wildlife. Instead of destroying nature, developers should redevelop abandoned urban zones.* --- ### Exercise 3 #### 1. Match the highlighted words with their definitions: * **afraid/anxious** — *alarmed* (встревоженный, напуганный) * **limited** — *restricted* (ограниченный) * **to create space** — *make way for* (уступить место, освободить пространство) * **unused & in a bad state** — *derelict* (заброшенный, в полуразрушенном состоянии) * **disagree with/fight against** — *oppose* (выступать против, противиться) * **inadequate amount** — *shortage* (нехватка, дефицит) * **on the other side of** — *beyond* (за пределами, по ту сторону) #### 2. Explain the words/phrases in bold: * **urban sprawl** — the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding countryside and towns *(разрастание городов)*. * **concrete jungle** — an unpleasant, overcrowded city area with a lot of large, modern concrete buildings and very few or no trees/green spaces *(«каменные/бетонные джунгли»)*. * **commuters** — people who travel a relatively long distance to work on a daily basis *(маятниковые мигранты / люди, ежедневно ездящие на работу из пригорода в город)*. * **traffic congestion** — a situation when roads are blocked with large amounts of vehicles, causing traffic jams *(дорожные заторы, пробки)*. --- ### Exercise 4 (Debate Preparation) #### **Arguments FOR protecting green belts (Suzy’s team):** * **Preserving heritage and landscape:** They protect historic towns and the countryside from being swallowed by cities. * **Health and recreation:** Green spaces offer areas for sports, walks, and relaxation, improving residents' quality of life. * **Ecology and biodiversity:** They provide essential habitats for plants and animals displaced from cities. * **Air purification:** Trees and greenery filter and absorb urban air pollution. * **Alternative solution:** Builders should regenerate derelict, abandoned urban brownfields instead of greenfields. #### **Arguments AGAINST green belts (Tim’s team):** * **Housing shortage:** The population is growing, and there is not enough land inside crowded cities to build affordable homes. * **Low impact:** Building on just a tiny fraction of green belt land is enough to solve the housing crisis. * **Aesthetic improvement:** Certain green belt areas are degraded and unattractive; developing them would make them cleaner and more useful. * **Transport and emissions:** Forcing people to live beyond green belts creates long daily commutes, extreme traffic jams, and excessive $\text{CO}_2$ emissions. * **Alternative conservation:** Dedicated national parks and nature reserves already fulfill the function of protecting nature. --- ### Подробное объяснение и подсказки 1. **Exercise 2:** * Тим упоминает нехватку жилья (*«England has a huge housing shortage problem»*). * Оба автора затрагивают тему экологии и охраны природы (*conservation*): Сьюзи говорит о среде обитания диких животных (*habitats for wildlife*), а Тим — о заповедниках (*national parks and nature reserves*). * Тим прямо называет некоторые участки непривлекательными (*«some green belt land is very unattractive»*). * Оба автора связывают «зелёные пояса» с загрязнением: Сьюзи — положительно (*«clean city pollution from the air»*), Тим — отрицательно из-за выбросов от выхлопных газов (*«produces a lot of polluting CO₂»*). 2. **Exercise 3:** * **Phrasal idioms / Collocations:** Обратите внимание на идиому *concrete jungle* (образное выражение, обозначающее город без зелени, где кругом один бетон) и термин *urban sprawl* (явление, при котором город стихийно «расползается» во все стороны).